写作技巧 思路篇

Having enough reason to support your choice is essential in TOEFL writing. Here I listed some good reasons for a point as a sample.
　　西方人经常提及的辩论话题之理由：（注意，有些理由在TWE中会被认为是重复的。只做欣赏。 另外，从中我们可以对自己的逻辑思维更加自信。）

　　1． Smoking
　　For：
　　1． it is pleasurable and relaxing
　　2． it is one's right
　　3． it is difficult to stop smoking
　　4． it is an old custom going back hundreds of years
　　5． it is not always dangerous to one's health
　　6． it makes socializing easier
　　7． it is an important source of tax revenue
　　8． intoxication is a natural drive (e.g., coffee, drugs, alcohol)
　　 Against:
　　1． it is harmful to one's health (e.g., heart disease, bronchial trouble, lung cancer )
　　2． it is harmful to those nearby
　　3． it is a dirty and expensive habit
　　4． it is addictive (i.e., nicotine)
　　5． it is quickly being banned in public areas
　　6． it lives off deceptive advertising

　　2． School Uniforms
　　For：
　　1． they build character
　　2． they eliminate class differences
　　3． they allow students to better concentrate on their studies
　　4． they are popular with parents and administrators
　　5． they are inexpensive
　　6． they are attractive and neat
　　7． they eliminate the need to choose what to wear every day
　　8． many countries have them
　　Against：
　　1． they lead to conformity
　　2． they are disliked by students (students like to primp)
　　3． they create a military mentality
　　4． they are an infringement on our freedom (different strokes for different folks)
　　5． they are ugly and childish
　　6． they deprive youths of an important choice: what to wear
　　7． they are losing popularity everywhere

　　3． Legalized Gambling
　　For：
　　1． it reduces taxes
　　2． it is a source of government revenue
　　3． it is gaining popularity in the world
　　4． it is an old practice dating back thousands of years
　　5． it is pleasurable (e.g., horse racing, casinos)
　　6． it is voluntary
　　7． many people play poker and mahjong
　　Against：
　　1． it is banned in most countries
　　2． it is condemned by most religions
　　3． it can become addictive
　　4． it encourages people to throw away their hard-earned savings
　　5． it teaches people not to work for money
　　6． it can destroy happy families
　　7． it can lead to suicide
　　8． it is easily controlled by the Mafia (e.g., bookmakers )
　　4． City Life
　　For：
　　1． it is exciting
　　2． it attracts people from the countryside
　　3． it offers the best schools, hospitals, and stores
　　4． it offers many amenities (e.g., swimming pools, bowling alleys, and sports stadiums )
　　5． it offers many chances of employment
　　6． its noise and overcrowding are hardly noticeable
　　7． cities have an efficient public transportation system
　　8． city planners can create a good living environment
　　9． crime can be found in the countryside as well
　　Against ：
　　1． it is unhealthy (e.g., water and air pollution )
　　2． it is not a good environment for children
　　3． it is devoid of Nature and distinct seasons
　　4． it is noisy and dangerous
　　5． it makes people nervous and even neurotic
　　6． it has created awful slums
　　7． cities are overcrowded and expensive
　　8． many city dwellers long to return to the countryside
　　9． city housing projects are unpopular

　　5． Informing Patients Of Cancer
　　For：
　　1． patients want to know
　　2． it is wrong to hide the truth
　　3． it is not a shock for the patient but for his family
　　4． it gives the patient a chance to plan his last days
　　5． it is the patient' s body, not the doctor' s
　　6． doctors are for it (in the U. S.)
　　7． it allows a person to choose alternate means of treatment
　　Against：
　　1． it is heartless and cruel
　　2． it may make the patient give up
　　3． it causes depression
　　4． it can lead to suicide
　　5． most relatives are against it
　　6． a white lie can save undue suffering
　　7． doctors are against it (in Japan)

　　6． Social Security
　　For：
　　1． the state should help the poor, aged, unemployed, and sick
　　2． the state should provide good health care for its citizens
　　3． the strong must help the weak
　　4． Social Darwinism is outdated
　　5． there will always be social misfits that need help
　　6． all religions stress charity
　　7． all advanced countries have some form of social security
　　Against ：
　　1． it costs too much
　　2． it encourages laziness and destroys the work ethic
　　3． it does not work efficiently
　　4． people should look after themselves
　　5． it results in heavy taxes
　　6． Social Darwinism tells us that life is the "survival of the fittest"
　　7． there are no freebies in life
　　7．Coeducation
　　For ：
　　1． it is natural (i.e., adult society is not segregated )
　　2． it gives men and women a chance to better understand one another
　　3． it gives men and women a chance to compete with one another
　　4． it is the modern trend
　　5． it has many practical advantages (e.g., school plays, music groups)
　　6． it produces well-adjusted adults
　　7． most parents prefer coeducation.
　　8． separate schools foster sexual rivalry
　　9． women become neurotic in all-women' s schools